What we know

Nature has provided women with an “early warning system” that tells us that menopause is on the way.  During perimenopause, or the run up to menopause, women often have what are known as “vasomotor” symptoms, mainly hot flashes and night sweats.  Our monthly periods become less predictable, coming more often or not at all, becoming heavier or lighter.  But when you go 12 months in a row without a menstrual period, menopause has truly arrived.  During this time you may also notice symptoms affecting the function and health of the bladder and the vagina; these are called “urogenital” symptoms. 

Vasomotor Symptoms Primary Hot flashes Night sweats Sleep disturbances Nausea Dizziness Palpitations Anxiety attacks Secondary Fatigue Irritability Changes in mood, concentration, and memory Appear during perimenopause and tend to dissipate with time Urogenital and Sexual Symptoms Vaginal dryness, discharge, bleeding Recurrent urinary infections, urge and stress incontinence Decreased or loss of libido Develop progressively in the years or decades following menopause

Here’s what we know about the most common menopause symptoms:

• Hot Flashes
• Mood and Memory
• Bladder control
• Physical Appearance
• Sexual and Urinary Tract Changes
• Sleep Disturbance
• Other Symptoms of Menopause

Treatment of Symptoms

Health care professionals in Canada, armed with new research and expert recommendations, can help women manage their menopause symptoms.  Women should feel comfortable talking to their physician, or other health professionals in their community, about all of the options, including hormone therapy (HT).  An open dialogue about HT, alternative therapies, and the impact of lifestyle issues such as diet, exercise, alcohol, smoking and caffeine use can make a big difference.

That being said, HT is still one of the most common and effective options to deal with the problematic symptoms of menopause.  There is new information coming out regularly about its safety and effectiveness.  The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada recommends physicians prescribe HT in the dose and for the duration needed to achieve treatment goals.  If symptoms persists, or come back after short-term HT, you should review your situation with your doctor and consider what to do next.  Your doctor will help you understand the risks and benefits of various treatments.